Chokes explained

Comparison of JJ/Tesla and Electro-Harmonix EL84 tubes

"Crossover notch" biasing - why it should be avoided

Designing a reactive speaker load emulator

Designing common-cathode triode amplifiers

Designing for global negative feedback

Designing long-tail pairs - the load line approach

Designing phase shift oscillators for tremolo circuits

Designing single-stage inverting feedback amplifiers

Dummy loads

Frequency response of a Marshall 4x12 cabinet

Grid resistors - why are they used?

Idle current biasing - why 70 percent?

Is the Vox AC-30 really class A?

Output transformers explained

Parallel attenuator loads

Resistor types - does it matter?

Star grounding

The last word on biasing

The last word on "Class A"

The long-tail pair

Tone control scaling

What is "back-biasing"?

What is "blocking distortion"?

What is "crossover distortion"?

What is "Miller capacitance"?

What is "negative feedback"?

What is "sag"?

Where to connect the outside foil on capacitors



Note: these papers are periodically updated when new information is added or an error is found.  There is a revision date at the bottom of each paper indicating the last update.